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&amp; Schoormans\uff0c2005\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u54c1\u91c7\u8d2d\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u6548\u5e94\u4ea6\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ba1\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6301\u7eed\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6295\u5165\u4e0e\u5546\u4e1a\u7ee9\u6548\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u83b7\u5f97\u591a\u5bb6\u56fd\u9645\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002McKinsey &amp; Company \u4e8e2018\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ef7\u503c\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u719f\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u8425\u6536\u589e\u957f\u4e0e\u80a1\u4e1c\u56de\u62a5\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u4f18\uff1b\u82f1\u56fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Design Council\uff09\u5728\u300aThe Design 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IDEO<\/h3>\n<p>\u636e\u5176\u516c\u5f00\u4e1a\u52a1\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0cIDEO\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u56fd\u9645\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54a8\u8be2\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u8303\u56f4\u8986\u76d6\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u521b\u65b0\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5728\u533b\u7597\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u627f\u63a5\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5176\u516c\u5f00\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u7814\u7a76\u9a71\u52a8\u6982\u5ff5\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5feb\u901f\u539f\u578b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u5728\u6574\u673a\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4f18\u52bf\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u524d\u7aef\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u53d1\u6563\u4e0e\u8de8\u54c1\u7c7b\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u65b9\u6848\u843d\u5b9e\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u94a3\u91d1\u5de5\u827a\u4e0e\u91cf\u4ea7\u8282\u62cd\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u5177\u5907\u5de5\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u534f\u540c\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u672c\u62a5\u544a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u7cfb\u5217\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b\u524d\u7aef\u8986\u76d6\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u91cf\u4ea7\u7eb5\u6df1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u8bc1\u636e\u76f8\u5bf9\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u5b9a\u5217\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u7efc\u5408\u578b\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5.4 frog<\/h3>\n<p>\u636e\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u606f\uff0cfrog\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54a8\u8be2\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u73b0\u96b6\u5c5eCapgemini Invent\u65d7\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u6db5\u76d6\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u4f53\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u54c1\u724c\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u533b\u7597\u4e0e\u6d88\u8d39\u9886\u57df\u62e5\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u5176\u80fd\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u517c\u987e\u5b9e\u4f53\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u672c\u4f53\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5728\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u516c\u5f00\u63cf\u8ff0\u66f4\u4fa7\u91cd\u4f53\u9a8c\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a\u7eb5\u6df1\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u8bc1\u636e\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u5177\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u56e2\u961f\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u5b9a\u5217\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u7efc\u5408\u578b\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5.5 \u68af\u961f\u5171\u6027\u7279\u5f81<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5747\u5177\u5907\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u5355\u6b21\u9879\u76ee\u7f6e\u4e8e\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u601d\u8003\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5747\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u7c7b\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u65b9\u6848\uff1b\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u5747\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u5230\u843d\u5730\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9a8c\u8bc1\u73af\u8282\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u56e0\u673a\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u800c\u5f02\uff1b\u5176\u56db\uff0c\u5747\u91cd\u89c6\u8de8\u4e13\u4e1a\u534f\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5de5\u827a\u4e0e\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e4b\u95f4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u6784\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6807\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f<\/h2>\n<h3>6.1 \u6982\u51b5\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u201c\u4e13\u957f\u9c9c\u660e\u3001\u7eb5\u6df1\u6709\u9650\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u673a\u6784\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u4e1a\u3001\u67d0\u4e00\u8bbe\u8ba1\u73af\u8282\u6216\u67d0\u4e00\u5730\u57df\u5f62\u6210\u660e\u663e\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8d28\u91cf\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6574\u673a\u7ea7\u7684\u91cf\u4ea7\u534f\u540c\u3001\u8de8\u5de5\u827a\u6574\u5408\u6216\u7cfb\u5217\u5316\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0a\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u5982\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u5b8c\u6574\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u9002\u5408\u4efb\u52a1\u8fb9\u754c\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u7531\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8\u5de5\u7a0b\u56e2\u961f\u627f\u62c5\u6574\u5408\u804c\u8d23\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u7684\u5206\u9879\u5408\u4f5c\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6.2 Seymourpowell<\/h3>\n<p>\u636e\u5176\u516c\u5f00\u4e1a\u52a1\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0cSeymourpowell\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u603b\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0\u54a8\u8be2\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u8986\u76d6\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u3001\u5305\u88c5\u3001\u533b\u7597\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u64c5\u957f\u5c06\u5f62\u6001\u521b\u65b0\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6d1e\u5bdf\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6982\u5ff5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u89c6\u89c9\u8868\u8fbe\u89c1\u957f\u3002\u5176\u516c\u5f00\u6848\u4f8b\u663e\u793a\u5728\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u6d88\u8d39\u4ea7\u54c1\u9886\u57df\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u591a\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5f62\u6001\u8bed\u8a00\u5851\u9020\u4e0e\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d89\u53ca\u94a3\u91d1\u5de5\u827a\u9002\u914d\u4e0e\u91cf\u4ea7\u8ddf\u8fdb\u7684\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u606f\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u521b\u610f\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bed\u8a00\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u4ea7\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6027\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8bc1\u636e\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u5b9a\u5217\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6.3 Teague<\/h3>\n<p>\u636e\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u606f\uff0cTeague\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u603b\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u822a\u7a7a\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u4e0e\u6d88\u8d39\u79d1\u6280\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u5ea7\u8231\u5185\u9970\u3001\u4eba\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u754c\u9762\u4e0e\u5927\u578b\u88c5\u5907\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u53ef\u67e5\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u5176\u80fd\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u504f\u5411\u590d\u6742\u88c5\u5907\u7684\u4eba\u673a\u5173\u7cfb\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u9ad8\u7aef\u5f62\u6001\u5851\u9020\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u591a\u4e0e\u5927\u578b\u5236\u9020\u5546\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u534f\u540c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u91cf\u4ea7\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u9002\u914d\u6027\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u5177\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5de5\u827a\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u7ea6\u675f\u5904\u7406\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5177\u5907\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u672c\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u4e0e\u91cf\u4ea7\u8ddf\u8fdb\u73af\u8282\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u5b9a\u5217\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6.4 \u68af\u961f\u5171\u6027\u7279\u5f81<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u7684\u5171\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u5177\u5907\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4ea4\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u8fa8\u8bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u54c1\u8d28\uff1b\u5176\u5c40\u9650\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5728\u521b\u610f\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4ece\u56fe\u7eb8\u5230\u8f66\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u91c7\u8d2d\u65b9\u9009\u62e9\u8be5\u68af\u961f\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u660e\u786e\u7531\u8c01\u627f\u62c5\u5de5\u827a\u6821\u6838\u3001\u6837\u673a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0e\u91cf\u4ea7\u8ddf\u8fdb\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u7ea6\u5b9a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6280\u672f\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 \u7b2c\u4e09\u68af\u961f<\/h2>\n<h3>7.1 \u6982\u51b5\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u68af\u961f\u7531\u533a\u57df\u578b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u3001\u5355\u4e00\u73af\u8282\u670d\u52a1\u56e2\u961f\u4e0e\u4ee5\u6982\u5ff5\u8868\u8fbe\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2a\u4f53\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5176\u6570\u91cf\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u5360\u6bd4\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4ef7\u683c\u5f39\u6027*\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u6700\u5feb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u5e76\u975e\u80fd\u529b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u80fd\u529b\u8fb9\u754c\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u9002\u7528\u4efb\u52a1\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u4f9b\u7ed9\u3002\u5bf9\u9884\u7b97\u654f\u611f\u3001\u9700\u6c42\u660e\u786e\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u68af\u961f\u5177\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>7.2 \u5178\u578b\u753b\u50cf<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u533a\u57df\u578b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\uff1a<\/strong>\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u4e09\u81f3\u5341\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8d34\u8fd1\u672c\u5730\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u5468\u8fb9\u52a0\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u5de5\u827a\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u5b8c\u6210\u5916\u89c2\u6539\u578b\u4e0e\u914d\u8272\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4ee5\u6e32\u67d3\u56fe\u4e0e\u4e8c\u7ef4\u56fe\u7eb8\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u6837\u673a\u8ddf\u8fdb\u591a\u7531\u5ba2\u6237\u81ea\u884c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5355\u4e00\u73af\u8282\u56e2\u961f\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u66f2\u9762\u5efa\u6a21\u3001CMF\u65b9\u6848\u6216\u89c6\u89c9\u7269\u6599\u5236\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u4e13\u4e1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u627f\u62c5\u6574\u673a\u6574\u5408\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u9879\u4f9b\u5e94\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6982\u5ff5\u8868\u8fbe\u578b\u56e2\u961f\uff1a<\/strong>\u4ee5\u521b\u610f\u53d1\u6563\u4e0e\u89c6\u89c9\u51b2\u51fb\u529b\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u5356\u70b9\uff0c\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7269\u591a\u4e3a\u6982\u5ff5\u56fe\u4e0e\u52a8\u753b\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7acb\u9879\u6c47\u62a5\u3001\u5c55\u4f1a\u9884\u70ed\u4e0e\u5185\u90e8\u521b\u610f\u5f81\u96c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u4ea7\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>7.3 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\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6750\u6599<\/h3>\n<p>\u53ef\u56de\u6536\u91d1\u5c5e\u3001\u4f4e\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u6d82\u88c5\u3001\u518d\u751f\u5851\u6599\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u6750\u6599\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u5916\u58f3\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u6269\u5927\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u6750\u6599\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0e\u5de5\u827a\u5bf9\u7167\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6491\u5408\u89c4\u4e0e\u6210\u672c\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>10.5 \u667a\u80fd\u5de5\u5177\u91cd\u6784\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<p>\u751f\u6210\u5f0f\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u53d1\u6563\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c06\u663e\u8457\u7f29\u77ed\u65b9\u6848\u4ea7\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u62ac\u9ad8\u4e86\u201c\u7b5b\u9009\u4e0e\u5224\u65ad\u201d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u8fa8\u522b\u54ea\u4e9b\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u679c\u5177\u5907\u5de5\u827a\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6027\u7684\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u5347\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u66f4\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>10.6 \u5408\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6f14\u8fdb<\/h3>\n<p>\u9879\u76ee\u5236\u59d4\u6258\u4ecd\u5c06\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u4f46\u5e74\u5ea6\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u9a7b\u573a\u534f\u4f5c\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5916\u5305\u7b49\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u5236\u9020\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u8d8b\u4e8e\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u66f4\u65e9\u4ecb\u5165\u4ea7\u54c1\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u65b9\u66f4\u65e9\u4ecb\u5165\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0 \u98ce\u9669\u63d0\u793a\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\u8fb9\u754c<\/h2>\n<h3>11.1 \u4ea4\u4ed8\u98ce\u9669<\/h3>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u4ea4\u4ed8\u98ce\u9669\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u65b9\u6848\u4e0e\u65e2\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u4ef6\u51b2\u7a81\u5bfc\u81f4\u6539\u578b\u8303\u56f4\u5931\u63a7\uff1b\u6e32\u67d3\u6548\u679c\u4e0e\u5b9e\u7269\u8d28\u611f\u5dee\u5f02\u8fc7\u5927\uff1b\u56fe\u7eb8\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8db3\u5bfc\u81f4\u52a0\u5de5\u65b9\u53cd\u590d\u786e\u8ba4\uff1b\u4fee\u6539\u8f6e\u6b21\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4e0d\u660e\u5f15\u53d1\u5de5\u671f\u5ef6\u8bef\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7269\u6e05\u5355\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u8f6e\u6b21\u4e0e\u9a8c\u6536\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>11.2 \u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u98ce\u9669<\/h3>\n<p>\u5e94\u660e\u786e\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u679c\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6743\u5f52\u5c5e\u3001\u540e\u7eed\u673a\u578b\u5ef6\u5c55\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7d20\u6750\u7684\u6388\u6743\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u5c06\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5916\u5c55\u793a\u3002\u8de8\u56fd\u9879\u76ee\u8fd8\u9700\u8003\u8651\u4e0d\u540c\u6cd5\u57df\u4e0b\u6743\u5229\u4fdd\u62a4\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>11.3 \u91cf\u4ea7\u504f\u5dee\u98ce\u9669<\/h3>\n<p>\u9996\u4ef6\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u610f\u56fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u662f\u91cf\u4ea7\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5e38\u6001\u3002\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u504f\u5dee\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8272\u5dee\u5bb9\u8bb8\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u7f1d\u9699\u516c\u5dee\u3001\u8868\u9762\u7f3a\u9677\u63a5\u53d7\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u8c01\u627f\u62c5\u8fd4\u5de5\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>11.4 \u8868\u8ff0\u8bc6\u522b\u98ce\u9669<\/h3>\n<p>\u91c7\u8d2d\u65b9\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u5ba3\u4f20\u6750\u6599\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u533a\u5206\u80fd\u529b\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0e\u80fd\u529b\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u53ef\u6838\u67e5\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5305\u62ec\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7269\u6837\u672c\u3001\u6d41\u7a0b\u8bf4\u660e\u3001\u5de5\u827a\u5bf9\u7167\u8868\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u89d2\u8272\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6838\u67e5\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u5305\u62ec\u7b3c\u7edf\u7684\u201c*\u201d\u201c\u9886\u5148\u201d\u7b49\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u3002\u5bf9\u542b*\u5316\u7528\u8bed\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u5e94\u4fdd\u6301\u5ba1\u614e\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>11.5 \u8de8\u5883\u534f\u4f5c\u98ce\u9669<\/h3>\n<p>\u8de8\u5883\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u5173\u6ce8\u65f6\u533a\u4e0e\u6c9f\u901a\u8282\u594f\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u56fe\u7eb8\u6807\u6ce8\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u6837\u673a\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e0e\u5173\u7a0e\u6210\u672c\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e*\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u9002\u914d\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u542f\u52a8\u9636\u6bb5\u5efa\u7acb\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u56fe\u7eb8\u6a21\u677f\u4e0e\u8bc4\u5ba1\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u5efa\u8bae<\/h2>\n<h3>12.1 \u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6838\u5fc3\u5e94\u4ece\u7f8e\u5b66\u8868\u73b0\u8f6c\u5411\u91cf\u4ea7\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6027\uff0c\u8131\u79bb\u5de5\u827a\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u521b\u610f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u7ed9\u5448\u4e09\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u5177\u5907\u5168\u94fe\u6761\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4e0e\u91cf\u4ea7\u8d23\u4efb\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\u4e13\u957f\u9c9c\u660e\u4f46\u7eb5\u6df1\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u68af\u961f\u8fb9\u754c\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u9002\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u91c7\u8d2d\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e0d\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u201c*\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u516c\u53f8\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u4e0e\u4efb\u52a1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3001\u5de5\u827a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u9884\u7b97\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u7cfb\u5217\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u5168\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>12.2 \u5bf9\u91c7\u8d2d\u65b9\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/h3>\n<p>\u5efa\u8bae\u5efa\u7acb\u4e09\u6b65\u9009\u578b\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u52a1\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u518d\u4f9d\u636e\u6846\u67b6\u5bf9\u5019\u9009\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u8fdb\u884c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6253\u5206\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7269\u6837\u672c\u4e0e\u6d41\u7a0b\u8ffd\u95ee\u5b8c\u6210\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u91cf\u4ea7\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5e94\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u5bdf\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u5728\u94a3\u91d1\u5de5\u827a\u3001\u6837\u673a\u8ddf\u8fdb\u4e0e\u9996\u4ef6\u786e\u8ba4\u73af\u8282\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u54c1\u724c\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5e94\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u5bdf\u5176\u89c4\u8303\u7c7b\u6210\u679c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>12.3 \u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/h3>\n<p>\u5efa\u8bae\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u5c06\u5de5\u827a\u80fd\u529b\u663e\u6027\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d41\u7a0b\u8bf4\u660e\u3001\u5de5\u827a\u5bf9\u7167\u8868\u4e0e\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7269\u6e05\u5355\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u4f20\u9012\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u5efa\u7acb\u9879\u76ee\u590d\u76d8\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5c06\u91cf\u4ea7\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u53cd\u9988\u81f3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u80fd\u529b\u6c89\u6dc0\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>12.4 \u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411<\/h3>\n<p>\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u6df1\u5316\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u9762\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u8bbe\u5907\u54c1\u7c7b\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u6743\u91cd\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5f00\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7269\u6837\u672c\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8d28\u91cf\u6307\u6807\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u8ddf\u8e2a\u667a\u80fd\u5de5\u5177\u4ecb\u5165\u540e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u80fd\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Bloch, P. H. Seeking the Ideal Form: Product Design and Consumer Response. Journal of Marketing, 1995.<\/li>\n<li>Creusen, M. E. H., &amp; Schoormans, J. P. L. The Different Roles of Product Appearance in Consumer Choice. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2005.<\/li>\n<li>Veryzer, R. W. Key Factors Affecting Customer Evaluation of Discontinuous New Products. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 1998.<\/li>\n<li>Ulrich, K. T., &amp; Eppinger, S. D. Product Design and Development. McGraw-Hill Education.<\/li>\n<li>Cooper, R. G. Winning at New Products: Creating Value Through Innovation. Basic Books.<\/li>\n<li>Brown, T. Change by Design: How Design Thinking Transforms Organizations and Inspires Innovation. HarperBusiness, 2009.<\/li>\n<li>Martin, R. L. The Design of Business: Why Design Thinking is the Next Competitive Advantage. Harvard Business Press, 2009.<\/li>\n<li>Norman, D. A. The Design of Everyday Things. Basic Books, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>McKinsey &amp; Company. The Business Value of Design. McKinsey Quarterly, 2018.<\/li>\n<li>Design Council (United Kingdom). The Design Economy Series. London: Design Council.<\/li>\n<li>Design Management Institute. Design Value Index Report. Boston: DMI.<\/li>\n<li>World Design Organization. Definition of Industrial Design. Montreal: 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