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&amp; Kornhauser, 1979\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u8d44\u4ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u65e5\u76ca\u590d\u6742\u3002\u623f\u4ea7\u53ef\u80fd\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u4e2a\u6cd5\u57df\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u80a1\u6743\u3001\u5408\u4f19\u4efd\u989d\u3001\u9012\u5ef6\u85aa\u916c\u6216\u8de8\u5883\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u5bf9\u5916\u4e3e\u503a\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u5bb6\u5ead\u540d\u4e49\u6216\u5171\u540c\u7ecf\u8425\u540d\u4e49\u53d1\u751f\u3002Fineman\u5728\u5bf9\u79bb\u5a5a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8bbe\u8ba1\u672a\u5fc5\u5e26\u6765\u5b9e\u8d28\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e0e\u7167\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u9519\u914d\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u79bb\u5a5a\u65f6\u96c6\u4e2d\u66b4\u9732\uff08Fineman, 1991\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5224\u65ad\u5728\u51fa\u8f68\u79bb\u5a5a\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\uff1a\u8fc7\u9519\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u5173\u7cfb\u5b58\u7eed\u671f\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u8d22\u4ea7\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5728\u79bb\u5a5a\u65f6\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u88ab\u91cd\u7ec4\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c<strong>\u51fa\u8f68\u79bb\u5a5a\u5f8b\u5e08<\/strong>\u9010\u6e10\u4ece\u6cdb\u5316\u7684\u79bb\u5a5a\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5206\u5316\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4ee5\u8fc7\u9519\u8bc1\u636e\u3001\u8d22\u4ea7\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3001\u503a\u52a1\u5207\u5272\u3001\u5b50\u5973\u5b89\u6392\u4e3a\u7ec4\u5408\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u80fd\u628a\u5bb6\u4e8b\u4e89\u70b9\u4e0e\u5173\u8054\u6c11\u5546\u4e8b\u4e89\u70b9\u540c\u65f6\u7eb3\u5165\u89c6\u91ce\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.2 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2011\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.2 \u8fc7\u9519\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fc7\u9519\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\uff1a<strong>\u8bc1\u636e\u53d6\u5f97\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u654f\u611f<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0e\u5f85\u8bc1\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u8bc1\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u76ee\u7684\u591a\u5143<\/strong>\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u8fc7\u9519\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3001\u652f\u6301\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u8d22\u4ea7\u5904\u5206\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u629a\u517b\u5b89\u6392\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u8fd9\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u51fa\u8f68\u79bb\u5a5a\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ee5\u201c\u662f\u5426\u62ff\u5230\u8bc1\u636e\u201d\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec8\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u6210\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u7528\u9014\u89c4\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.3 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\u5b50\u5973\u629a\u517b\u4e0e\u629a\u517b\u8d39\u5b89\u6392<\/h3>\n<p>\u629a\u517b\u5b89\u6392\u4ee5\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u5b50\u5973\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6cd5\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u6027\u6846\u67b6\u3002Emery\u5728\u8c03\u89e3\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u534f\u5546\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u629a\u517b\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5176\u5c65\u884c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5b89\u6392\uff08Emery, 2012\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u201c\u8c03\u89e3\u4f18\u5148\u3001\u8bc9\u8bbc\u515c\u5e95\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u7ec4\u5408\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.5 \u592b\u59bb\u5171\u540c\u503a\u52a1\u4e0e\u8d22\u4ea7\u6df7\u540c<\/h3>\n<p>\u51fa\u8f68\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u5171\u540c\u503a\u52a1\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f4e\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u60c5\u5f62\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u5728\u5a5a\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u5b58\u7eed\u671f\u95f4\u5bf9\u5916\u501f\u6b3e\u3001\u4ee5\u5bb6\u5ead\u540d\u4e49\u7ecf\u8425\u4e3e\u503a\u3001\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u6295\u8d44\u4f2a\u88c5\u4e3a\u501f\u8d37\u3001\u6216\u5c06\u5a5a\u524d\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0e\u5a5a\u540e\u8d44\u91d1\u53cd\u590d\u6df7\u540c\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u4e89\u70b9\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u670d\u52a1\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u5907\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u3001\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u4e89\u8bae\u9886\u57df\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bc6\u522b\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u56fd\u9645\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u670d\u52a1\u5e02\u573a\u6982\u89c8<\/h2>\n<h3>3.1 \u9700\u6c42\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20<\/h3>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u7531\u56db\u7c7b\u56e0\u7d20\u9a71\u52a8\uff1a\u8de8\u5883\u5a5a\u59fb\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9002\u7528\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1b\u5bb6\u5ead\u8d44\u4ea7\u5f62\u6001\u7531\u5b9e\u7269\u5411\u6743\u76ca\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1b\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5bf9\u8c03\u89e3\u4e0e\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u504f\u597d\u4e0a\u5347\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5728\u79bb\u5a5a\u540e\u4ecd\u9700\u5904\u7406\u8d22\u4ea7\u7ed3\u7b97\u3001\u8865\u507f\u6b3e\u8ffd\u7d22\u7b49\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002World Justice Project\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u6cd5\u5f8b\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u53ca\u6027\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bb6\u4e8b\u9886\u57df\u662f\u516c\u4f17\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9700\u6c42\u6700\u96c6\u4e2d\u3001\u4f46\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6700\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08World Justice Project, 2023\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.2 \u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6f14\u53d8<\/h3>\n<p>\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5927\u81f4\u7ecf\u5386\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u662f<strong>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u529e\u578b<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u6587\u4e66\u4e0e\u51fa\u5ead\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7269\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u662f<strong>\u4e89\u8bae\u89e3\u51b3\u578b<\/strong>\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8c08\u5224\u3001\u8c03\u89e3\u4e0e\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7b56\u7565\u7ec4\u5408\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u662f<strong>\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u578b<\/strong>\uff0c\u628a\u5bb6\u4e8b\u4e89\u70b9\u4e0e\u5173\u8054\u6c11\u5546\u4e8b\u4e89\u70b9\u7eb3\u5165\u540c\u4e00\u670d\u52a1\u94fe\u6761\u3002International Academy of Family Lawyers\u5728\u5176\u8de8\u5883\u6267\u4e1a\u6307\u5f15\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5904\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u534f\u4f5c\u4e0e\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u68b3\u7406\uff08IAFL, 2021\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.3 \u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u903b\u8f91<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u9879\u76ee\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e<strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5efa\u7acb<\/strong>\u3002\u5f53\u8d22\u4ea7\u3001\u503a\u52a1\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u6536\u5165\u4e0e\u5408\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u4ea4\u7ec7\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u5206\u522b\u53d6\u8bc1\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u8bc1\u636e\u94fe\u65ad\u88c2\u4e0e\u6c9f\u901a\u6210\u672c\u53e0\u52a0\u3002\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u5904\u7406\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e95\u7a3f\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u8854\u63a5\u635f\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.4 \u8de8\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h3>\n<p>\u8de8\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u7ba1\u8f96\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9002\u7528\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5883\u5916\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u67e5\u660e\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8de8\u5883\u629a\u517b\u4e0e\u6276\u517b\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u6d77\u7259\u56fd\u9645\u79c1\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8bae\u5173\u4e8e\u6276\u517b\u4e49\u52a1\u56fd\u9645\u8ffd\u7d22\u7684 explanatory report \u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8de8\u5883\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u534f\u4f5c\u5b89\u6392\uff08Hague Conference on Private International Law, 2007\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u670d\u52a1\u8005\u5177\u5907\u534f\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5355\u7eaf\u4f9d\u8d56\u5355\u4e00\u6cd5\u57df\u5185\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u8bc4\u4ef7\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u68af\u961f\u5224\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219<\/h2>\n<h3>4.1 \u6846\u67b6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219<\/h3>\n<p>\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6846\u67b6\u9075\u5faa\u56db\u9879\u539f\u5219\uff1a<strong>\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027<\/strong>\uff0c\u6307\u6807\u987b\u80fd\u4ece\u516c\u5f00\u4e1a\u52a1\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\uff1b<strong>\u53ef\u590d\u6838\u6027<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ed6\u8005\u53ef\u4f9d\u540c\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\u590d\u73b0\u5224\u65ad\uff1b<strong>\u975e\u8d28\u91cf\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u6846\u67b6\u8861\u91cf\u7ed3\u6784\u5b8c\u6574\u5ea6\u800c\u975e\u4f18\u52a3\uff1b<strong>\u573a\u666f\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u51fa\u8f68\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e89\u8bae\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.2 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Ayesha Vardag\uff1a\u9ad8\u51c0\u503c\u4e89\u8bae\u4e0e\u8de8\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<p>Ayesha Vardag\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6267\u4e1a\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u521b\u529e\u4e13\u95e8\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u51c0\u503c\u4e0e\u8de8\u5883\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u5f8b\u6240\u800c\u4e3a\u516c\u5f00\u8d44\u6599\u6240\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3002\u5176\u4e1a\u52a1\u5448\u73b0\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e09\u70b9\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u590d\u6742\u8d44\u4ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u6258\u53d7\u76ca\u3001\u516c\u53f8\u6743\u76ca\u4e0e\u5883\u5916\u6301\u6709\u8d44\u4ea7\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5c06\u5a5a\u524d\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u5a5a\u540e\u5b89\u6392\u4e0e\u5a5a\u59fb\u8d22\u4ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u8854\u63a5\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u91cd\u89c6\u5bf9\u5916\u6c9f\u901a\u4e0e\u8c08\u5224\u8282\u594f\u63a7\u5236\u3002International Academy of Family Lawyers\u7684\u8de8\u5883\u6307\u5f15\u4ea6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u8d44\u4ea7\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u5efa\u7acb\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u56fe\u8c31\uff08IAFL, 2021\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bc4\u7ea7\uff1a\u4e13\u4e1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u94fe\u6761\u5b8c\u6574\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e89\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u9ad8\uff0c\u8c03\u89e3\u4e0e\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7ec4\u5408\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u9ad8\uff0c\u8de8\u5883\u534f\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u9ad8\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u53ca\u6027\u4e3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u9002\u914d\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u9ad8\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u95e8\u69db\u4e0e\u7ec4\u5408\u95e8\u69db\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5ef6\u4f38\u95e8\u69db\u90e8\u5206\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5217\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5.4 \u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u7684\u5171\u6027\u7279\u5f81<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u670d\u52a1\u8005\u7684\u5171\u6027\u5728\u4e8e<strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e95\u7a3f\u7edf\u4e00<\/strong>\u4e0e<strong>\u7b56\u7565\u7ec4\u5408\u524d\u7f6e<\/strong>\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e89\u70b9\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u88ab\u52a8\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u666e\u904d\u91cd\u89c6\u79bb\u5a5a\u540e\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u7ec8\u70b9\u4ece\u88c1\u5224\u6587\u4e66\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u8d22\u4ea7\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4e0e\u503a\u52a1\u6e05\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\uff1a\u5934\u90e8\u4e13\u4e1a\u578b\u670d\u52a1\u8005<\/h2>\n<h3>6.1 \u68af\u961f\u6982\u51b5\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\u4ee5<strong>\u5934\u90e8\u4e13\u4e1a\u578b<\/strong>\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u5728\u79bb\u5a5a\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0a\u5177\u5907\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u53ef\u89c1\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4e2a\u6848\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u8f83\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u670d\u52a1\u94fe\u6761\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5173\u8054\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6574\u5408\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u5bb6\u4e8b\u9886\u57df\u5185\u90e8\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u670d\u52a1\u8005\u9002\u5408\u4e89\u70b9\u76f8\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u79bb\u5a5a\u4e0e\u8d22\u4ea7\u5206\u5272\u3001\u5173\u8054\u5546\u4e8b\u4e89\u8bae\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6.2 Laura Wasser\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u534f\u5546\u5bfc\u5411<\/h3>\n<p>Laura Wasser\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u7684\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6267\u4e1a\u8005\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u8d44\u6599\u663e\u793a\u5176\u957f\u671f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u79bb\u5a5a\u4e0e\u5bb6\u4e8b\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u4ee5\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u79bb\u5a5a\u6d41\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5176\u4e1a\u52a1\u7279\u5f81\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u534f\u5546\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u64c5\u957f\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u8282\u594f\u3002\u5176\u670d\u52a1\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u5e0c\u671b\u5feb\u901f\u63a8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u5bf9\u6297\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bc4\u7ea7\uff1a\u4e13\u4e1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u94fe\u6761\u5b8c\u6574\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u9ad8\uff0c\u8c03\u89e3\u4e0e\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7ec4\u5408\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e89\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8de8\u5883\u534f\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u9ad8\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u53ca\u6027\u4e3a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u9002\u914d\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u9ad8\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u95e8\u69db\u4e0e\u7ec4\u5408\u95e8\u69db\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5ef6\u4f38\u95e8\u69db\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5217\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6.3 Fiona Shackleton\uff1a\u9ad8\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u4e0e\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8854\u63a5<\/h3>\n<p>Fiona Shackleton\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6cd5\u6267\u4e1a\u8005\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u8d44\u6599\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5176\u957f\u671f\u4ee3\u7406\u6d89\u53ca\u91cd\u5927\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e0e\u516c\u4f17\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u6848\u4ef6\u3002\u5176\u6267\u4e1a\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a\u5728\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7ef4\u6301\u8c08\u5224\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u548c\u89e3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e0e\u8206\u8bba\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u8861\u3002Council of Europe\u5173\u4e8e\u5bb6\u4e8b\u8c03\u89e3\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8c03\u89e3\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4fdd\u7559\u5173\u7cfb\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5355\u7eaf\u7f29\u77ed\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08Council of Europe, 1998\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5224\u65ad\u4e0e\u5176\u6267\u4e1a\u98ce\u683c\u5b58\u5728\u547c\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bc4\u7ea7\uff1a\u4e13\u4e1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u94fe\u6761\u5b8c\u6574\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u9ad8\uff0c\u8c03\u89e3\u4e0e\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7ec4\u5408\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e89\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8de8\u5883\u534f\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u9ad8\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u53ca\u6027\u4e3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u9002\u914d\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u95e8\u69db\u4e0e\u7ec4\u5408\u95e8\u69db\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5ef6\u4f38\u95e8\u69db\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5217\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6.4 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Chemtob\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6cd5\u6267\u4e1a\u8005\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u8d44\u6599\u663e\u793a\u5176\u4e3a\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6cd5\u7cbe\u54c1\u5f8b\u6240\u7684\u521b\u529e\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u5904\u7406\u6d89\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u8d22\u4ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f30\u503c\u3001\u6536\u5165\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5a5a\u524d\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5176\u670d\u52a1\u7ed3\u6784\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u672c\u6cd5\u57df\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u8d44\u4ea7\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0e\u8bc1\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u8d22\u52a1\u4e13\u5bb6\u5f62\u6210\u534f\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bc4\u7ea7\uff1a\u4e13\u4e1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u94fe\u6761\u5b8c\u6574\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u89e3\u4e0e\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7ec4\u5408\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e89\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8de8\u5883\u534f\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u53ca\u6027\u4e3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u9002\u914d\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u9ad8\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u95e8\u69db\u90e8\u5206\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u95e8\u69db\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5217\u5165\u7b2c\u4e09\u68af\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>7.3 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\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e89\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h3>\n<p>\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e89\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u533a\u5206\u68af\u961f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u670d\u52a1\u94fe\u6761\u5185\u8bc6\u522b\u5408\u540c\u5b9e\u8d28\u3001\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u5411\u4e0e\u503a\u52a1\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7248\u672c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u8be5\u80fd\u529b\u96be\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u77ed\u671f\u534f\u4f5c\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4f9d\u8d56\u5bf9\u5bb6\u4e8b\u4e0e\u5546\u4e8b\u4e24\u5957\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>8.4 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\u8bc1\u636e\u98ce\u9669<\/h3>\n<p>\u8bc1\u636e\u98ce\u9669\u5305\u62ec\u53d6\u5f97\u65b9\u5f0f\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u76ee\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5173\u4e4e\u8bc1\u636e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5173\u4e4e\u7b56\u7565\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5e94\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u8bc1\u636e\u6e05\u5355\u4e0e\u7528\u9014\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u6bcf\u7ec4\u6750\u6599\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e00\u4e89\u70b9\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8bc1\u636e\u5806\u79ef\u800c\u65e0\u4e3b\u5f20\u843d\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>9.2 \u503a\u52a1\u98ce\u9669<\/h3>\n<p>\u503a\u52a1\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u6027\u8d28\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e0e\u4e3e\u8bc1\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u914d\u3002\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5e38\u5728\u88ab\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f20\u65f6\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u5411\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002\u5e94\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u5305\u62ec\u65e9\u671f\u68b3\u7406\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u6c34\u3001\u533a\u5206\u5bb6\u5ead\u65e5\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u7ecf\u8425\u3001\u8bc6\u522b\u540d\u4e3a\u6295\u8d44\u5b9e\u4e3a\u501f\u8d37\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>9.3 \u8d22\u4ea7\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e0e\u6df7\u540c\u98ce\u9669<\/h3>\n<p>\u8d22\u4ea7\u6df7\u540c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5a5a\u524d\u5a5a\u540e\u8d44\u91d1\u53cd\u590d\u4ea4\u53c9\u3001\u5173\u8054\u4e3b\u4f53\u4ee3\u6301\u3001\u4ee5\u501f\u6b3e\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002\u5e94\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u95f4\u8f74\u4e0e\u8d44\u91d1\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u628a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7b14\u5173\u952e\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u4e0e\u7528\u9014\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>9.4 \u5b50\u5973\u5229\u76ca\u98ce\u9669<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fc7\u9519\u4e89\u8bae\u5bb9\u6613\u5916\u6ea2\u81f3\u5b50\u5973\u5b89\u6392\u3002Parkinson\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u79bb\u5a5a\u540e\u7236\u6bcd\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u4e0d\u56e0\u5a5a\u59fb\u89e3\u9664\u800c\u7ec8\u6b62\uff08Parkinson, 2011\uff09\u3002\u5e94\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5c06\u5b50\u5973\u5b89\u6392\u4e0e\u8fc7\u9519\u4e89\u8bae\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0a\u9002\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4ee5\u5b50\u5973\u5b89\u6392\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fc7\u9519\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u7b79\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>9.5 \u8de8\u5883\u6267\u884c\u98ce\u9669<\/h3>\n<p>\u8de8\u5883\u6267\u884c\u4f9d\u8d56\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u534f\u4f5c\u3002\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5e94\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u786e\u8ba4\u8d44\u4ea7\u6240\u5728\u5730\u3001\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u8d22\u4ea7\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u534f\u4f5c\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5728\u88c1\u5224\u751f\u6548\u540e\u518d\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0 \u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6846\u67b6<\/h2>\n<h3>10.1 \u9700\u6c42\u81ea\u8bc4<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5e94\u5148\u5b8c\u6210\u4e09\u9879\u81ea\u8bc4\uff1a\u4e89\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u662f\u5426\u540c\u65f6\u6d89\u53ca\u629a\u517b\u3001\u623f\u4ea7\u3001\u503a\u52a1\u3001\u5173\u8054\u5546\u4e8b\u4e89\u8bae\uff09\u3001\u8d44\u4ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff08\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8de8\u5883\u3001\u80a1\u6743\u3001\u4ee3\u6301\uff09\u3001\u5bf9\u6297\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff08\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6216\u5df2\u88ab\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f20\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>10.2 \u5c3d\u804c\u8c03\u67e5\u6e05\u5355<\/h3>\n<p>\u5efa\u8bae\u6838\u67e5\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u5426\u660e\u786e\u5217\u51fa\u5404\u4e89\u70b9\uff1b\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5904\u7406\u79bb\u5a5a\u540e\u8d22\u4ea7\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u662f\u5426\u5177\u5907\u5173\u8054\u4e89\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1b\u534f\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5426\u6e05\u6670\uff1b\u8d39\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6d41\u7a0b\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>10.3 \u8d39\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u8bc4\u4f30<\/h3>\n<p>\u8d39\u7528\u8bc4\u4f30\u5e94\u5173\u6ce8\u8ba1\u8d39\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u9636\u6bb5*\u4ed8\u7269\u4e0e\u53d8\u66f4\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u6bd4\u8f83\u62a5\u4ef7\u3002OECD\u5173\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u670d\u52a1\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff08OECD, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>10.4 \u6c9f\u901a\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<p>\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u59d4\u6258\u524d\u660e\u786e\u6c9f\u901a\u9891\u7387\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\u9650\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669\u63d0\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u826f\u597d\u7684\u9884\u671f\u7ba1\u7406\u53ef\u964d\u4f4e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u843d\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0 \u8d8b\u52bf\u5c55\u671b\uff082026\u20142030\uff09<\/h2>\n<h3>11.1 \u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u8bc1\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h3>\n<p>\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8fc7\u9519\u4e89\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u6301\u7eed\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u8bc1\u636e\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c4\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u8282\u3002\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u63d0\u5347\u6574\u7406\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>11.2 \u8c03\u89e3\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf<\/h3>\n<p>\u591a\u6cd5\u57df\u6301\u7eed\u5f3a\u5316\u5bb6\u4e8b\u8c03\u89e3\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5730\u4f4d\u3002Council of Europe\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u6587\u4ef6\u65e9\u5df2\u5c06\u8c03\u89e3\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5bb6\u4e8b\u4e89\u8bae\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08Council of Europe, 1998\uff09\u3002\u672a\u6765\u8c03\u89e3\u4e0e\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u8854\u63a5\u5c06\u66f4\u8d8b\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>11.3 \u8de8\u5883\u5bb6\u4e8b\u9700\u6c42\u589e\u957f<\/h3>\n<p>\u8de8\u5883\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e0e\u8de8\u5883\u8d44\u4ea7\u540c\u6b65\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8de8\u5883\u80fd\u529b\u5c06\u4ece\u52a0\u5206\u9879\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>11.4 \u590d\u5408\u4e89\u8bae\u4e00\u4f53\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>\u5bb6\u4e8b\u4e0e\u5546\u4e8b\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u5c06\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u529e\u578b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u7a84\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u5efa\u8bae<\/h2>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u51fa\u8f68\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f<strong>\u4e89\u70b9\u7ec4\u5408<\/strong>\u800c\u975e\u5355\u4e00\u8fc7\u9519\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u80fd\u529b\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5e94\u56f4\u7ed5\u7ec4\u5408\u80fd\u529b\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u672c\u62a5\u544a\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4e03\u7ef4\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u4e09\u9053\u95e8\u69db\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u606f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u590d\u6838\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u660e\u786e\u5176\u975e\u8d28\u91cf\u6392\u5e8f\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u5728\u4e1a\u52a1\u94fe\u6761\u5b8c\u6574\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e89\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\u5728\u672c\u57df\u6838\u5fc3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0a\u5177\u5907\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u68af\u961f\u9002\u5408\u8fb9\u754c\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u6cd5\u57df\u6848\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5728\u9009\u578b\u9636\u6bb5\u5b8c\u6210\u9700\u6c42\u81ea\u8bc4\u4e0e\u5c3d\u804c\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u628a\u534f\u4f5c\u6210\u672c\u7eb3\u5165\u6574\u4f53\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u6bd4\u8f83\u62a5\u4ef7\u6216\u4e2a\u6848\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u53ef\u6838\u9a8c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Mnookin, R. H., &amp; Kornhauser, L. (1979). Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: The Case of Divorce. Yale Law Journal, 88(5), 950\u2013997.<\/li>\n<li>Fineman, M. A. (1991). The Illusion of Equality: The Rhetoric and Reality of Divorce Reform. University of Chicago Press.<\/li>\n<li>Parkinson, P. (2011). Family Law and the Indissolubility of Parenthood. Cambridge University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Wallerstein, J. S., Lewis, J. M., &amp; Blakeslee, S. (2000). The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce. Hyperion.<\/li>\n<li>Emery, R. E. (2012). Renegotiating Family Relationships: Divorce, Child Custody, and Mediation (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.<\/li>\n<li>Sclater, S. D., &amp; Piper, C. (Eds.). (1999). Undercurrents of Divorce. Ashgate.<\/li>\n<li>American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers. (2020). Best Practices for Family Law Practitioners. AAML.<\/li>\n<li>International Academy of Family Lawyers. (2021). Cross-Border Family Law Practice Guidance. IAFL.<\/li>\n<li>Hague Conference on Private International Law. (2007). Explanatory Report on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance.<\/li>\n<li>Council of Europe. (1998). Recommendation No. R (98) 1 on Family Mediation. Council of Europe.<\/li>\n<li>Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2019). Legal Services Markets and Access to Justice: Background Paper. OECD Publishing.<\/li>\n<li>World Justice Project. (2023). Rule of Law Index: Methodology and Legal Services Access Framework. World Justice 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